Policies that Favor Interests of Central Canada

Policies that Favor Interests of Central Canada Are they necessary for nation building? Central Canada consists of Canada’s two most populous provinces, namely: Ontario and Quebec. It is the high population that gives Central Canada political leverage, which has often led to discomfort by other provinces.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Policies that Favor Interests of Central Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The policies favoring the interests of Central Canada are detrimental to the building of the nation, since they have only used the policies to their own advantage. With regards to trade tariffs that were negotiated with the U.S., Central Canada used the tariff to its advantage by making other provinces appear as their trading partners and not giving them an opportunity to trade with competitive partners. Policies that have favored the interest of the populations of Central Canada have often led to conflict from the Western, Atlantic and Eas tern provinces. Some policies like the procurement policies have made the population of Central Canada to treat other provinces as colonies. There have also been complains by the Prairie Provinces, which are resource-rich that they have been under exploitation by the national government which mainly serves the interests of the Central Canada region. National policies of Canada reflect the interests of Central Canada, and it has enabled the region to be the industrial centre of Canada. This is a reflection that the policies serving the interests of Central Canada do not foster nation-building and, instead they perpetuate regional alienations, resentment and conflicts (1). Canadians Regionally or nationally oriented? Canada is regionally oriented; it is often understood as a nation of nations due to its two main demographic distinct divisions: English Canada and French Canada which is the Quebec province. In this regard, the Canadian country is founded on compromise and cooperation be tween the two sections of the population. The region of Quebec, for example, has a distinct cultural identity. The Canadian communities are located in different regions based on their language, culture, religion and politics. These communities live in isolation with different aspirations and views of Canadian history as a nation.Advertising Looking for assessment on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The antagonism between the two nations in Canada has threatened the existence of Canadian nationhood. Canada is divided into four provinces or regions with their autonomy to define their legislative agenda, which is an indication of regionalism. The existence of two cultures is a clear illustration of regionalism. Quebec, for example, is home to a unique and independent subculture with its autonomy regarding legal, education or institutional system. The conflicts often witnessed in Canada are as a result of regional differences and national identity. On electoral matters, voting takes the form of regionalism and ethnicity. There is also the existence of regionally based political parties and hence regionalism affects the behavior of national politics (2). Albertans Are they right to upset National Energy Policy? The main energy policy of Canadian government is the energy policy program, and it was introduced during the high-energy crisis in 1970s. The National Energy Program is mandated to ensure security of supply, equal opportunities for the Canadians to participate in the energy industry and to guarantee fairness in pricing. It is argued that Alberta has lost a lot of revenue following the coming into force of National Energy Program. The province of Alberta is a major producer of electricity. Many decisions by the Albertans are designed at expanding and maximization of energy resources, which require federal government’s cooperation. There have been agitations by oppositi on parties for energy policies that are aimed at benefiting Central Canada while penalizing the Albertans. The National Energy Policy can only gain legitimacy and leverage if Albertans are included in its formulation since it is the leader in production of energy resources (3). References Weaver, K. The Collapse of Canada? Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 1992. Leuprecht, C. Essential Readings in Canadian Constitutional Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 2011. Energize. Energize Alberta Features. Energizer Alberta; 2011 [updated 2011; cited on 17 Nov. 2011]. Web.

20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship

20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship 20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship CÐ ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f an MBA Ã'€rÐ ¾grÐ °m provides students with futurÐ µ bÐ µnÐ µfÃ'â€"tÃ'•. The graduates Ð ¾f MBA and PhD Ã'€rÐ ¾grÐ °mÃ'• whÐ ¾ had Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÐ µd MBA and PhD dÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'•Ð µrtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ð °rÐ µ the Ã' rÐ µÃ °m Ð ¾f thÐ µ crop Ð °nd are lÃ'â€"kÐ µlÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ Ð ¾Ã' Ã' uÃ'€Ã'Æ' tÐ ¾Ã'€ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•. WÐ µ are lÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"n a highly competitive buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• wÐ ¾rld. EmÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'Ð µrÃ'• knÐ ¾w thÐ °t applying for a job is easier for those who have completed a hÃ'â€"ghÐ µr Ð µduÃ' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n and have Ð ¾btÐ °Ã'â€"ned impressive resumes as well as Ð µxÃ'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð µnÃ' Ã µ in research Ð °nd data analysis. UÃ'•uÐ °llÃ'Æ', thÐ µ MÐ °Ã'•tÐ µrÃ'• dissertation Ã'â€"Ã'• a lÐ ¾ngÐ µr piece of wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng thÐ °n one that Ã'â€"Ã'• requÃ'â€"rÐ µd for an undÐ µrgrÐ °duÐ °tÐ µ dissertation. It requires mÐ ¾rÐ µ extensive rÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng and rÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h to gÃ'â€"vÐ µ a critical Ã'â€"ntÐ µrÃ'€rÐ µtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f the Ã'•Ð ¾urÃ' Ã µÃ'•. ThÐ µ English dissertation ideas below Ð °rÐ µ Ã'•uÃ'â€"tÐ °blÐ µ bÐ ¾th fÐ ¾r Master and BÐ °Ã' hÐ µlÐ ¾r DÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• dÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'•Ð µrtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n tÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"Ã' Ã'•. Technology and Innovation WhÐ °t are the Main IÃ'•Ã'•uÐ µÃ'• of the RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ BÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Growth Ð °nd PÐ µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ? Exploring the ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µntÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f CRM SÃ'Æ'Ã'•tÐ µmÃ'• wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n Call CÐ µntrÐ µÃ'• in thÐ µ UK and Relating thÐ µ FÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• ThÐ °t AffÐ µÃ' t the WÐ µll-BÐ µÃ'â€"ng Ð ¾f thÐ µ EmÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ µ WhÐ °t are the MÐ °Ã'â€"n Factors Inhibiting Successful Ð µCÐ ¾mmÐ µrÃ' Ã µ DÐ µÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'mÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Government OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•? An ExÐ °mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f the EmÃ'€Ð ¾wÐ µrmÐ µnt, CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'• Ð °nd Corporate Vision As Factors Ã'â€"n DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng Global Business Strategies WhÐ °t iÃ'• BrÐ °ndÃ'â€"ng and HÐ ¾w Does It PrÐ ¾vÃ'â€"dÐ µ CÐ ¾mÃ'€Ð µtÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Advantage? Leadership and Innovation WhÐ °t Are thÐ µ EffÐ µÃ' tÃ'• Ð ¾f LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ StÃ'Æ'lÐ µ Ð °nd Team PrÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'• on PÐ µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ Ð °nd Innovation in FunÃ' tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °llÃ'Æ' Heterogeneous TÐ µÃ °mÃ'•? An Exploratory StudÃ'Æ' Ð ¾f LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€, OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Culture Ð °nd InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µÃ'•Ã'• Ã'â€"n a Sample Ð ¾f NÐ ¾n-PrÐ ¾fÃ'â€"t Human Service OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• HÐ ¾w BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• Leaders SÐ µÃ µ Their Role Ã'â€"n EnÐ °blÃ'â€"ng InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾ns Ã'â€"n LÐ °rgÐ µ OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•? HÐ ¾w ExÐ °Ã' tlÃ'Æ' Do WÐ µ Put ThÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µ TwÐ ¾ TÐ ¾gÐ µthÐ µr? HÐ ¾w DÐ ¾Ã µÃ'• a Company LÐ µÃ °d Ã'â€"n a Way ThÐ °t Generates InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n? What IÃ'• thÐ µ RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ between LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ StÃ'Æ'lÐ µ Ð °nd thÐ µ DÐ µmÐ ¾grÐ °Ã'€hÃ'â€"Ã'  Characteristics Ð ¾f Taiwanese Executives? Management Ð ¾f International Change The MultÃ'â€"Ã' ulturÐ °l PrÐ ¾jÐ µÃ' t MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µr: Exploring LÃ'â€"nkÐ °gÐ µÃ'• bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn NÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l CulturÐ µ Ð °nd CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'â€"ng Styles Ð ¾f MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Managing Change: DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng a FrÐ °mÐ µwÐ ¾rk ThÐ °t LÃ'â€"nkÃ'• Intended StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• and Unanticipated OutÃ' Ã ¾mÐ µÃ'• Employee AdjuÃ'•tmÐ µnt durÃ'â€"ng the OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Change: The Role of Organizational Level and OÃ' Ã' uÃ'€Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Success of a Product LÃ'â€"fÐ µÃ' Ã'Æ'Ã' lÐ µ Management ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µntÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n – Ð °n InvÐ µÃ'•tÃ'â€"gÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã'â€"ntÐ ¾ thÐ µ ElÐ µÃ' trÐ ¾nÃ'â€"Ã' Ã'• Manufacturing Industry HÐ ¾w PÐ ¾wÐ µr WÐ ¾rkÃ'• thrÐ ¾ugh MÐ °nÐ °gÃ'â€"ng Emotions in OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l ChÐ °ngÐ µ: EmÐ ¾tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Management As a PÐ ¾wÐ µr. GlÐ ¾bÐ °lÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð °nd Strategy WhÐ °t iÃ'• the SÃ'â€"gnÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °nÃ' Ã µ Ð ¾f TÐ µÃ' hnÐ ¾lÐ ¾gÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ'? A StudÃ'Æ' of thÐ µ Human RÐ µÃ'•Ð ¾urÃ' Ã µ StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• tÐ ¾ ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Order to ExÃ' Ã µl Ð °nd PrÐ ¾fÃ'â€"t Ã'â€"n TÐ ¾dÐ °Ã'Æ'’Ã'• FÐ °Ã'•t-PÐ °Ã' Ã µd MÐ °rkÐ µtÃ'€lÐ °Ã' Ã µ, Ð °nd the Methods thÐ °t SuÃ'€Ã'€Ð ¾rt ThÐ µÃ'•Ð µ StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• WhÐ °t Current StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• ArÐ µ Ã'â€"n PlÐ °Ã' Ã µ fÐ ¾r Businesses tÐ ¾ Combat Consumers Neglecting ThÐ µÃ'â€"r PrÐ ¾duÃ' tÃ'•? An ExÐ °mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n of thÐ µ Empowerment, CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'• Ð °nd CÐ ¾rÃ'€Ð ¾rÐ °tÐ µ VÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾n AÃ'• FÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã'â€"n DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng GlÐ ¾bÐ °l BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r Multinational FÃ'â€"rmÃ'• WhÐ °t Are the Changes That NÐ µÃ µd to be MÐ °dÐ µ Ã'â€"n BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Strategies Ã'â€"n thÐ µ GlÐ ¾bÐ °lÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n ErÐ °? Don’t fall apart if you have no idea what to write about. Use this list to inspire you. Of course, you may not use the particular topic as it is written here. Try to be as creative as possible and discover something original. Anyway, you can always contact our custom dissertation writing service and order your academic paper written from scratch!

How Charles Darwin and Darwinism affected the nineteenth-century Research Paper

How Charles Darwin and Darwinism affected the nineteenth-century - Research Paper Example Whereas few scientific theories can fundamentally shift the way in which the broader populace integrates with a particular worldview that they might have, the theory of evolution was profound and singular due to the fact that it influence not only the scientific community but also the average stakeholders within society. As it was realized that divine action has little if any do with the rise and generation of life on planet Earth, a fundamental question was raised by extension; whether or not God existed at all. Ultimately, what is being defined is a situation in which Darwin, although not the preeminent atheists as he is often defined, was the instigator of a theory that has fundamentally shaped and shifted human belief and consciousness concerning the existence of the divine as well as the underlying reasons for morality and the purpose of life. Prior to the theory of evolution, religion, specifically Christianity, had defined the way in which the Western world integrated with any and all forms of science or other field of human knowledge and/or study. One does not need to look far into the past in order to find situations in which early scientists discoveries were challenged by the authority of the church. Galileo for instance had his very life threatened for producing scientific research that went against the teachings that the church held to be true (Okasha & Paternotte 1131). The same can be said with regards to Copernicus and his population and theory that the earth itself was not the center of the universe. In effect, a handful of situations in which traditional interpretations of the divine and the means by which the Bible stood as the supreme definition of all that is good, holy, correct and true can be found. Returning to the issue of how Darwin and his theory of evolution contributed to a fundamental shift with regards to how humans defined the world around them, it can be said that the theory of evolution provided an alternative to the one dimensi onal view that all morality, science, and necessary knowledge for life was presented within the Bible and within a belief in an omnipotence and interactive godhead. Accordingly, the first and most prominent impact that Darwin’s theory of evolution had was with regards to the explosion of atheism and agnosticism that such a theory sparked. Without a primal cause for the universe and/or the life that is exhibited on earth, individuals throughout society, governments, the education system, and other authoritative positions began to question the need for a higher power at all. This questioning, higher power ultimately began to erode some of the fundamental interpretations that humanity had attributed to religion and God since the beginning of time. If the natural world could indeed be defined based upon its component parts and the evolutionary process alone, and the need for God, or a God head, was necessarily reduced; if indeed evidence whatsoever. Moreover, traditional interpre tations of morality had previously been based upon the fact that morality was â€Å"moral† due to the fact that it was instituted by God and recorded in both the old and the

A Comarison of Typical and Atypical Development of Language and Essay

A Comarison of Typical and Atypical Development of Language and Literacy Skills and Practices - Essay Example As the discussion stresses, there are several environmental factors that are known to affect literacy development, though their impacts are unique to each individual. Some of the factors include the language exposure, parental support, and family background. These factors affect the ability of an individual to make progress in literacy skills and capability. This paper explores the typical development and atypical development among persons of similar age. To do this, the treatise looks at two studies of individuals with different profiles and family backgrounds. The paper looks at the cognitive and organizational skills, the working skill processing memory, communication, emotional balance and the behavior of the two individuals. In the assessment and analysis of the two types of development among persons in different age groups, the various risk factors that differentiate the two are normally assessed, however, it is likewise substantial to note that when observing and assessing typ ical and atypical development in individuals to determine the literacy progress, not only the risk factors should be looked at. Protective factors have also been used to help determine the progress and path of development. One of the most common ways in which typical and atypical development is assessed is through systemic observation. Systemic observation of an individual’s behaviors and abilities is normally done over a certain period of time. This entails looking at the indicator factors, as well as the protective factors that influence literacy development.

Strange New Land Essay Example for Free

Strange New Land Essay Strange New Land, offers a seemingly vast view of the presence of African Americans in present day North America. Mr. Wood describes the harsh and often brutal fate of African Americans during the colonization of America. Exploring Chapter 1, allowed me to view the way different cultures took advantage of not only African Americans, but Native Americans as well. Native Americans were invaded by Spanish settlers, taken into slavery and forced to live with harsh living conditions. Settlers exposed them to a vast number of diseases, and tricked other Native Americans into agreements, in which they were starved, made to live in the cold, and which ultimately led to the death of many of them. Native Americans were resistant to being overtaken and fought back to protect their people and their land. Spanish settlers needed more laborers to cultivate new land, and explore additional regions for settlement. Spanish Conquerors like Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon sent out to find laborers in Western Europe. During his search, he found that Europeans that practiced Christianity did not believe in exploiting its people. In return, the Catholic Church, did however, not mind the exploit of non-Christians to Spanish Settlers. As groups resisted fiercely, they looked to other options in which they could gain access to the slave trade. African Americans to my surprise came as a third resort. Spanish settlers wanted to gain access to the dreams of gold and silver told to be lying within the American soil. However African Americans would prove to be more valuable than just for labor. Spanish Speaking Africans such as Gomez and Esteban were great explorers and go-between people when asked to settle what is now the state of New Mexico. Being intermediaries between the Native Americans and Spanish settlers, they showed the resourcefulness that Africans held during the colonization of America. As I continue to discover how Africans came about to be in America, I was intrigued to learn that the basis of slavery were not limited to race at all. Religion played the most important role in colonization of America, as well as people becoming enslaved. If you were not of Christian belief system, then you were subject to being enslaved. From Mr. Woods accounts, he told of how even John Smith was enslaved for a period of time. And that the bases of slavery were defined upon much greater tools. Heredity was significant in the slavery system, because children of former slaves are said to have been born into slavery. The only thing I can account the Spanish settlers for, was that they didn’t enslave their people for life, as well as the Dutch. Many of their slaves lives the lives of settlers, they just were required to be laborers, because of their religion. At any time it shows within his text that they could have been released from slavery with the submission of their religio n. The earliest definitions of slavery presented a great amount of problems, which the slave-owners did not agree too. Rhode Island defined slavery as a period of 10 years, and not a lifetime commitment. Christian religious groups would allow other slaves to become converted to their religion to once again regain their freedom. The readily number of slaves were beginning to decline, so now new guidelines would be put in place to ensure that the slave-owners would keep laborers all the time. This part of the 17th century would mark the beginning of when race became the solemn factor of how Africans would become and remain enslaved. This is the shift in African history that everyone would feel and become a part of. Africans held two surprisingly different fates. Those that were released to Latin America had better conditions than those located in North America. But life in North America for Africans would see a dramatic shift as the laws and rules progressed. Slave codes were laws that basically took away all rights of Africans living in North America. This would serve as a permanent handicap for Africans for almost two centuries. Then the colonist took a dramatic horrible step used in the states as well as the colonies. Dehumanizing. This would be the greatest contributor of racism in the United States. This Law passed in Virginia in 1705, would allow English Colonist to treat Africans as property, disregard their feelings or wellbeing, and deny them of basic human rights. And these practices would carry over well into the 20th century.

Argumentative Essay: American Have the Right To Bear Arms :: Argumentative Essays, Persuasive

Being a young American I have witnessed many problems with growing up in this great country of ours. We have homeless people who can't find work, rising inflation rates, an unbalanced budget, and more importantly, a problem with guns. Like every other good ol' boy, I am concerned about being the victim of a random shooting, but at the same time, I want to be able to take down a nice10-point buck during hunting season. Guns effect every one of us every day. They fill us with fear or they make us feel protected. My point is this: guns are a problem, but using gun control to abolish them isn't necessarily the best solution. In gun control I mean laws that keep firearms off the street by preventing their purchase. I agree that some form of gun control is needed, butwhat we really need to concentrate on is gun licensing and more gun safety. I believe in my constitutional right to keep and bear arms, and I don't feel that legislators should be allowed to take away that right. Gun control can be a good thing, but if it leads to gun prohibition I will fight it until the day I die. Â   Our country was founded on the basis of guns. The wars were won with guns and the people were protected by guns. Guns were so important that they were placed in the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution: Â   A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment II Â   From this amendment it is apparent that the founders of our country knew in 1791 that guns did and would continue to play a role in the lives of Americans. Things haven't really changed that much. Â   Gun control was brought into play to protect citizens from criminals and lunatics who shouldn't have guns in the first place. But only 27 percent of the criminals who are in prison for crimes involving guns have obtained them legally (Henderson 23). If criminals can find guns illegally now, how is more gun control going to stop them from getting them later? Groups against gun control,the most dominant being the NRA (National Rifle Association), are afraid gun control is the first step in outlawing guns.

Group Dynamics Essay

‘Hundreds of fish swimming together is called a school. A pack of foraging baboons is a troupe. A half dozen crows on a telephone wire is a murder. A gam is a group of whales. But what is a collection of human beings called? A group’. (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) A group can consist of two or more people interacting. Bruce Tuckman and Meredith Belbin both devised theories relating to the interactions and dynamics of groups, whilst Tuckman concentrated on the group as a whole, Belbin focused on the roles individuals played within a group. ‘For centuries, sages and scholars have been fascinated by groups – by the way they form, change over time, dissipate unexpectedly, achieve great goals, and sometimes commit great wrongs’ (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) While roots of group dynamics go back to the late 1800s, group dynamics gained prominence as a field of study in the early 1940s. ‘During World War II, Americans needed a better understanding of how democratic organi zations could be made to function more effectively.’ (Levine, R. Rodreges, A. Zelezny, L. 2008 p.1). Tuckman believed that a group moved through several stages which he referred to as; forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Forming, he felt, was the initial founding of the group when there was a high dependence on a leader for guidance and direction, whereas storming was the period of adjusting and adapting to group roles and dynamics where team members vie for position as they attempt to establish themselves in relation to other team members, the norming stage he believed was when everyone had found their place within the group, which was when performing would start to happen and lastly adjourning, when the group finally disseminated. Whereas, Belbin focused on each individual within a group/team and the role they played ‘A team is not a bunch of people with job titles, but a congregation of individuals, each of whom has a role which is understood by other members. Members of a team seek out certain roles and they perform most effectively in the ones that are most natural to them’(Belbin, 2014, p1). Belbin believed that there were nine role types spilt into 3 categories- cerebral, action orientated and people orientated. In the first category he placed plant, specialist and monitor evaluator. In the second category he placed implementer, shaper  and completer finisher and in the last category he grouped team-worker, co-ordinator and resource investigator believing that each person in the group would fit into or identify with one or more roles. He devised ‘The Belbin Test’ in which is a series of statements grouped into categories and a points system which will determine which of the nine role types people doing the test would fit into. When completing ‘The Belbin Test’ myself, using the two groups I am apart of (the larger counselling group and the small research group that we were split into for this units task) I emerged as a ME (Monitor Evaluator). According to Belbin the characteristics for this role are; sober, unemotional and prudent and I would definitely agree with prudent and sober however, I would strongly disagree with unemotional although, I do feel that in certain situations I can separate emotion, behaviour and so I can stand back from raw emotion. They are slow deciders who weigh up the pros and cons of options which describe me very well. He talks about the strengths of a Monitor Evaluator’s strengths as being- judgment, discretion and hard-headedness, the latter, in regards to me, I would disagree with. Belbin also thought that their allowable weaknesses were, lack of inspiration or the ability to motivate others, which I feel from doing the research task I have learnt about myself. Whereas, in Tuckman’s ‘Teamwork Survey’ our research group scored as follows; 23 froming,20 storming, 16 norming and 19 performing, which according to Tuckman our team is still in the forming stage but he felt that if the scores were all fairly lose together then the group has no clear perception of the way the team operates. Judging by this I would say that from my perspective that Tuckman is correct because I feel that we weren’t a team at all, we didn’t really work together. One contributing factor I feel was that one member of our group was absent for the first session and was also absent for the first part of the following session and another member of the group went for a short break leaving two of us to discuss what we were going to do. I felt at this point that w e were wasting valuable time because decisions couldn’t be made without others present. There was no plan or real discussion, the most vocal of our group decided what she was going to do and asked if there were any objections and I had already analysed where my strengths lay and decided to voice that opinion too and although another member also expressed an interest, I decided that I would prudently push for  the task of designing the PowerPoint slides. On reflection, when the names were being drawn out of a hat in order to decide on members for the research groups, I felt fairly nervous because there were two members of the group that, given a choice, I wouldn’t have chosen to work with, one because I have had the least social interaction with so far and the other because I find her slightly overbearing in her demeanour, although I do feel that her manner maybe due to insecurity rather than disrespect. There are many different types of groups, such as planned groups, which are deliberately formed, concocted groups i.e. military units or sports teams, founded g roups- for instance, study groups or clubs, emergent groups such as smoking groups, circumstantial groups for example audiences or crowds and self-organising groups for instance, regular customers in a bar or friendship cliques in the workplace. Groups can be brought together for many different reasons which can be split into four categories, intimacy groups (families), task groups (teams), weak associations (crowds) and social categories (women or doctors etc.) There are thirteen people in our student group, comprising of eleven females and two males and the one thing we all have in common is our goal of reaching the end of the two year course which will enable us to work as qualified counsellors. There are also many other similarities but there are also many differences. In therapy ‘early forms of group work were pioneered by Moreno with psychodrama, by Lewin through his invention of T-groups’ and by Bion in his psychoanalytic groups.’ (McLeod 1993, p.445) Carl Rogers coined the term, ‘The Basic Encounter’ Group to identify groups that operated on the principles of the person-centred approach. ‘The Basic Encounter Group is quite unique and, in fact, offers a different paradigm for gro up therapy.’ (The Basic Encounter Group 2014) And in 1968 Carl Rogers, along with Richard Farson, took part in a touching documentary/film of an encounter group, in which eight strangers were brought together in a room and permitted to explore their inner thoughts feeling openly which was facilitated by Rogers and Farson. After watching the video and order to get a flavour of how it felt to be a part of an encounter group, our counselling group set up an encounter group session where anyone could offer a thought or feeling they had about an issue that they didn’t mind disclosing to the rest of the group and other members could join in or just observe. For me it felt both heart-warming  and frustrating. Heart-warming because it felt as if there was a collective consciousness and genuine warmth towards each other, however there were times when I felt as if a few people were starting to give advice which I found frustrating because I felt as if they were trying to rescue people instead of listening without judgment. Although there are many advantages of working in groups therapeutically, such as, a feeling of shared experiences and unity, a sense of support and social aspects (meeting new people) there are also disadvantages such as, issues around confidentiality, concerns around emotions or people getting out of hand and feelings for some people of vulnerability amongst others. In the large counselling group, although I would describe myself as an introvert I don’t feel that I am too quiet and I wouldn’t describe myself as shy I feel that I contribute to the group and I definitely feel as if I am an fundamental member of the group. If I were to analyse my role(s) within the group according to Belbin, I would say that I am ‘Monitor Evaluator’ and a ‘Team Worker’ because I weigh things up before making a decision and look at all the options and I am interested in other peoples point of view as well as trying hard to be as versatile as possible but the down side to that is that I find it hard to motivate others and have great difficulty making a quick decision. However, in the research group I feel that I did take more of a dominant role because there was no natural leader/organiser so after realising that I just naturally started to make suggestions and ask opinions. In my opinion I would agree with my results (when doing the Belbin test) of Monitor Evaluator and if I had to guess at the roles the other three members of our research group according to this test, I would say that LK was an ‘Implementer’ because she was disciplined, reliable, conservative and efficient but DJ played the role of ‘Team Worker’ because he was co-operative, mild perceptive and diplomatic, whereas LE’s role, in my opinion, was ‘Resource Investigator’ because she is extrovert, enthusiastic and communicative. The presentation I felt came together fairly well, although I feel it could have been more of a success if we had had more time for the group to develop and had discussed equally and openly our thoughts and feelings about the task ahead. Personally I felt that we wasted valuable time and avoided issues that may have caused conflict. Our group researched German-American psychologist Kurt Lewin who set up a Research  Cent re for Group Dynamics (RCGD) in the late 1930’s and 1940’s. The RCGD revitalized the empirical approach and, more important, created one that was different from anything in the past and that still defines the best of the field today’ (Levine, R. Rodreges, A. Zelezny, L. 2008). Our presentation mainly focused on his ‘Three Stage Model’ for change. Lewin recognised a ‘need to provide a process whereby the members could be engaged in and committed to changing their behaviour’ (Lewin, 2004 p. 983) His three stage process for change comprised of the principle of unfreezing, changing and refreezing. Using the analogy of an ice-cube, the first step is to unfreeze/melt the cube, the second stage is to change the shape of the liquid and the third stage was to refreeze it into a different shape. He believed that if there was good communication, rumours were dispelled, everyone was included and by praising people’s efforts, change could occur but it would take time. I like this model of change because I can relate to it and I have recently had experience of such a change because the school that I work in has just (on June 1st) become an academy. In conclusion, I feel that I identified mostly with Belbin’s theory of roles people play within groups because the results from the Belbin test, for me, fitted very well with how I worked within our research group, however, having frequently worked with groups of young people, I know that Tuckman’s theory can be useful in determining where a group is at in terms of effective performance and it would have been valuable in our research group if we had had more time to develop as a group. Lewin’s three stage model I feel would be effective when working in a team/company although I got a sense of how it worked within our whole counselling group when unforeseen circumstances meant that the group had to get used to a new tutor and teaching style.

Why Millennials Are Screwed

Throughout the article, Hobbes uses sarcastic humor and hyperbole to not only get his point across, but to also be relatable to his audience; the millennials. Hobbes uses this to seem credible and therefore worthy of our trust. Hobbes states that older generations say â€Å"our problems are all our fault: We got the wrong degree.† This statement not only reeks of sarcasm but also subtly points out the foolishness of the generations whom would say this in Hobbes' opinion. He also goes on to say we have â€Å"killed cereal and department stores and golf and napkins and lunch† which out of context makes little sense and yet in context, still makes little sense. He does not go on to explain why he mentioned these specific items nor does he dive into any of the topics he described, but he does makes a great attempt to get the reader to laugh and therefore create the first moment of trust. Continuing to use sarcasm not only helps the reader to find humor in an unpleasant and gloomy topic but establishes relatability to Hobbes. Exaggerating his own situation by saying, â€Å"my rent consumes nearly half my income, I haven't had a steady job since Pluto was a planet and my savings are dwindling faster than the ice caps the baby boomers melted,† helps the reader to relate to Hobbes even more and therefore trusts him to be providing accurate information. His ability to write as though he is writing to a friend through humor relaxes the reader and establishes a deeper connection. In addition to humor, statistics flood this article and subtly attack the readers fear. Hobbes provides that 1 in 5 young adults between the ages of 18 and 34 are living in poverty and that they are half as likely to own a home(6), which are alarmingly figures. Giving such dramatic statistics makes the reader think about their own situation and whether that statistic includes themselves, and perhaps worse, themselves in the future. This creates a sense of concern that fuels the reader to care more about the topic and follow Hobbes as he continues to scare. Although Hobbes did not create the visual aspects of his article, it is important to note that the updated animations throughout the article contribute to him implanting terror into the mind of his readers because of their dramatic context. The use of a graph regarding 2007 and 2009 graduates and their earnings yearly is a great example showing us how a 2009 graduate could earn almost sixty-thousand dollars less than a 2007 graduate (16). Those are relatively large numbers that generate anxiety among the millennials reading this article because not only does it make them think about the statistics but also how it could relate to themselves. Undoubtedly Hobbes provides endless amounts of information as to the topic: why millennials are screwed. In fact I believe he is right. Our generation is heading for disaster and Hobbes does an immaculate job at recording why. His use of humor and sarcasm is what made this piece of writing so enticing and relatable.

13 Books to Read to Advance Your Career

13 Books to Read to Advance Your Career We have millions of resources available to us on the internet, any time of day. It’s obviously a fantastic tool, especially when you’re looking for ways to boost your career. But you know what also works? Good, old-fashioned books. (Okay, I’ll even stretch that to include ebooks.) From classic lit (no War and Peace, I promise) to ultramodern career advice, we’ve got a reading list that might not satisfy your high school English teacher, but just might help you move forward in your career. The Literary ClassicsFirst, let’s look at some of the books you might not think are career books, but provide great insight into human nature and how to cope with life.The Art of War, Sun TzuLove is a battlefield, sure, but so is the workplace. While it may not be the kind of literal warfare that ancient Chinese philosopher and military strategist Sun Tzu likely envisioned for his audience, it has lots of good advice for someone seeking to improve leadership skills , conquer office politics, or just plain survive the ins and outs of the workplace. Besides, a little extra discipline never hurts, professionally.Career takeaway: â€Å"Appear weak when you are strong, and strong when you are weak.† One-liners like this can give you bite-size management tips that you can apply to any situation, whether the war zone is a literal one or one with a water cooler.Lord of the Flies, William GoldingIf The Art of War is your field guide to turning yourself into an A+ leader, this one is your cautionary tale for surviving office politics. This young adult novel follows a group of students who become stranded, and attempt to create their own new island society. (Spoiler alert: it doesn’t go great.)Career takeaway: Working together with a diverse group of people is an essential skill, especially amid chaos.The Alchemist, Paulo CoelhoIn this novel, an Andalusian shepherd travels to Egypt seeking riches after dreaming of finding wealth there. Whil e this is a literal tribute to chasing your dreams, it also contains many insightful lessons about seizing opportunities, overcoming fear of the unknown, and embracing the actions you can take in the present.Career takeaway: Focus on your journey, and the steps you can take now to achieve your goals.The Career ClassicsWhile you may not find these books on your English syllabus, these books have helped generations of readers grow professionally.Think and Grow Rich, Napoleon HillAny process that has 13 steps has to be successful, right? This 1937 self-help classic by author and lecturer Napoleon Hill offers the aforementioned steps to make more money and achieve personal goals, based on the successes of early 20th century entrepreneurs like Henry Ford and Andrew Carnegie.Career Takeaway: Emulating successful people can help you break through in your own personal achievement and financial goals.The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, Stephen R. CoveyOne of the most important things yo u can do, career-wise, is to set yourself up for success by creating and maintaining good habits. This book has been a perennial bestseller since its publication in 1990, and provides a road map to making changes to your mindset and life to allow for success. While it does cover the aforementioned habits of successful people, this is more of a reset on how you see yourself and the world around you.Career Takeaway: Beloved by executives and other highly successful people, this book offers tools to push yourself up to the next level.How to Win Friends Influence People, Dale CarnegieAnother oldie-but-goodie, this is the original book about networking. Dale Carnegie’s insights into making and maintaining connections has become the basis for many generations of business leaders and highly successful schmoozers.Career Takeaway: You can’t go it alone, so it’s essential to work on your people skills alongside your professional skills, and make the right connections.The Pathfinder: How to Choose or Change Your Career for a Lifetime of Satisfaction and Success, Nicholas LoreOriginally published in 1998, this book has been a touchstone for recent grads, people looking for career changes, and those who just want to start plotting out a path to their goals. In it, career coach Nicholas Lore lays out how to figure out what you want to do and how to set your course to get to that point. Lore uses diagnostic tools and tests from the career and networking hub the Rockport Institute to guide readers through the first (or next steps) on their career paths. This one has also been revised and updated for the current realities of the job market (technology, economic shifts, etc.).Career Takeaway: Everyone needs a plan for their career, but not everyone knows how to create and execute that plan. Expert advice and self-diagnosis quizzes help you zero in on your strengths and your goals.The Modern ClassicsAnd now we have the more contemporary books, which may ver y well be the career books we pass along to our kids.Outliers: The Secret of Success, Malcolm GladwellLike Napoleon Hill and Dale Carnegie before him, writer Malcolm Gladwell understands the importance of learning from the best thinkers and achievers. Outliers takes a deep dive into what makes these achievers so successful, and what we regular schmoes can learn from them in order to grab some of that success for ourselves. This book also contains the now-famous conclusion, which you’ve likely heard, that the key to mastering any skill is to put in 10,000 of effort and practice.Career Takeaway: Success is a result of hard work and savvy planning, and we should be open others’ success stories to help determine what works for ourselves.The Up Side of Down: Why Failing Well Is the Key to Success, Megan McArdleNo one likes to fail, but it’s an inevitable part of everyone’s career at some point. The key is managing those failures, embracing the challenges that come with taking chances, and taking the necessary lessons forward into the rest of one’s career. This book takes real-world stories of failure to illustrate how to embrace and move on from setbacks.Career Takeaway: I fail, you fail, we all fail†¦sometimes. Learning to accept these failures gracefully and move on, wiser and stronger, is a major career skill everyone should have.Linchpin, Seth GodinIf you’ve heard of only one career coach in the past ten years, there’s a good chance that name is Seth Godin’s. Godin specializes in personal success and entrepreneurship, and here he focuses on how to make yourself an absolutely necessary part of the team by embracing innovation and positive change.Career Takeaway: An indispensable person is a person with job security.Lean In, Sheryl SandbergWomen have faced innumerable challenges in the workplace, including a shortage of managerial roles. In Lean In, Sandberg draws on her experience as Facebook’s COO to offer advice on how to cultivate leadership skills and achieve work-life balance. But while this book is aimed at professional women specifically, it also has advice that anyone of any gender can take and apply to their own career paths.Career Takeaway: If you’re not achieving your full professional, you’re putting yourself at a major professional disadvantage.Love Your Job: The New Rules for Career Happiness, Kerry Hannonâ€Å"Do what you love† is very common career advice. It’s also very vague- should you pursue passion projects at the expense of a paycheck? Should you learn to love the job you have? What’s the optimal way to find happiness in your career? Hannon walks you through making necessary changes to your habits, routines, and mindset so that you’re getting the most possible fulfillment out of your job.Career Takeaway: Whether you have your dream job or not, you should seek happiness and fulfillment from the job that takes u p so much of your life and mindspace.Moving the Needle: Get Clear, Get Free, and Get Going in Your Career, Business, and Life!, Joe Sweeney and Mike YorkeyIf you feel like you’re stuck in a rut, either in your job or in your industry, Moving the Needle is designed to help you shake up the status quo, and move forward in your career with a refreshed sense of purpose. If you have no idea what said refreshed purpose could be, this book gives you the tools you need to figure that out.Career Takeaway: Don’t let yourself get mired in a blah status quo- embrace ideas like risk and innovation that can help you move your career in a more fulfilling direction.Now more than ever, there are so many voices out there that can help us learn more about our professional selves, and tools to help us achieve our most cherished career goals. Happy reading!

10x Your Results With The NEW CoSchedule Academy

10x Your Results With The NEW Academy As a marketer†¦ You have two very  hot + valuable  commodities: Your time†¦ And your expertise. And sadly When it comes to staying sharp as a marketer†¦ OR driving 10x results for your business It’s you  who gets the short end of the stick. Yet, you and I both know†¦ If you don’t take the time to invest in yourself†¦ ^^ 10x, 5x. 2x, (whatever X) results aren’t even possible! So how do you sharpen your kick a$$ marketing powers, while still driving business? With ’s newest secret weapon The Academy   that’s how! The all-in-one hub for premium, on-demand courses specifically designed for kick a$$ marketers with very little time to spare. you! Wanna know what’s in this virtual mind palace of marketing? 10x Your Results With The NEW @AcademyWhy Should You (And Your Team) Care About The Academy? Still wanna learn more about why this should have you doing the happy dance? Here are three reasons why this matters to you: Invest in yourself (and your team)  on your time. With Academy, you and your team can capitalize on anti-fluff, expert lead courses resources at a pace that makes sense for you. Fight status quo! Marketing is an ever evolving industry and staying competitive isn’t a nice to have†¦ it’s necessary for survival. Stay competitive and increase those kick-a$$ marketing powers with world-renown courses and content from the experts at . Drive even  better results with proven  frameworks, techniques, and processes (from the experts you’ve trusted for years).  Get exclusive advice- unlike anything other marketers are reading- to get the leading edge on everything  that will help you prioritize, plan, execute, promote, and analyze your marketing success. Who Is The Academy For? You want to demystify the path to real marketing results, right? If that’s the case, you’re probably reading this because you know you’re leaving something on the table, and it’s time to achieve serious marketing ROI†¦ and be able to prove it to your boss, to yourself, to your cat (if you’re tight like that) 😠» If you’re like every savvy marketer I’ve ever met, you know just how valuable our work is to grow our companies and  our careers. But you also know it is HARD to do. If marketing was easy, you wouldn’t be reading this right now. The great news is that we’ve spent the last four years of our startup life hustling like crazy to grow from zeroes across the board to: 8,000+ customers in over 100 countries, 1.4 million pageviews per month, 250,000+ email subscribers, And nearly 100,000 social media followers. How? On the wings of supercharged content, extensive testing, and crisply-organized marketing! And now, we’re unveiling exactly how we built our beautiful marketing machine in the Academy. It’s your all-in-one hub for premium, on-demand courses specifically designed for marketers ready to up their A game. If you’re already good, prepare to get even better! If you want to get organized, conquer makeshift marketing, learn to prove real ROI, all while looking like a marketing genius . . . you’re in the right place. What Do I Get In The Academy? Inside the Academy, you’ll find a mix of short, actionable content to give you an insider view into real-world marketing strategies, tactics, templates, worksheets, and everything else you need to transform your marketing results in short order. Here’s a sneak peak at just THREE of the more than 20 courses  available at launch! 5 Proven Ways To Ease Cross-Functional Team CollaborationYou’ve been there. Borrowing team members from a few different departments to complete (what some would call complex) marketing projects. The thing is†¦ Your priorities aren’t always theirs. They have their own managers. They have their own opinions. Some of them may not even understand why you need their help. ^^^ Communication is critical to your success in these situations. On the other hand, there are those times where other departments need your team’s help. Instead of throwing a team member in the proverbial ocean of a messy cross-functional project and letting them learn to swim on their own†¦ you can be the one to get in front of these projects, proactively plan your work, then work your plan. Take this course to learn a proven process that prevents fire drills, enables efficient (and effective) cross-department collaboration, and produces effective content. Generate Execute 30 Marketing Ideas In Just 30-MinutesHere’s the deal†¦ Consistently coming up with strong content marketing ideas is challenging. You have deadlines to hit. There are performance goals to meet. And the drive to be creative on-the-spot adds more pressure that you don’t need. What you do need, however, is a reliable process for generating genius ideas fast. What if we told you it was possible to come up with 30 content ideas in just 30 minutes? Not just any 30 topics, either. We mean topics your audience will actually want to read about. Most things that sound too good to be true are usually garbage. However, this is the actual (garbage-free) process we use here at . We can confirm from first-hand experience that this process works, and you will find success with this too, In this course, you’ll learn how to: Use a free-writing exercise to generate tons of topics fast. Use a 3-point scoring system to sort out your content marketing topics. Identify only the very best topics you’ll actually want to execute on. There isn’t a secret involved. There is, however, a smart methodology behind our brainstorming process. It just involves a little bit of quick thinking and intuitive judgement to make the best use of your limited time. Becoming A 10x Marketer If you’ve ever been disappointed in your content marketing results- or lack thereof- you’re not alone. Less than 50% of North American B2B marketers rate their content as successful. For many, it’s failed to live up to the hype. We’re on a mission to change that. Discover how to get the best marketing results of your career inside this course. How The Academy Will Work For You Now, there are loads more courses that bring our collective marketing know how together for you. But, why should you trust the Academy is worth the investment? in both TIME ⠏ °and MONEY 💠µ Our platform is trusted by companies like Microsoft, Home Depot, and Campaign Monitor†¦ And our content is trusted by millions more marketers across the world. But never before have we compiled a more extensive combination of what’s created that success. You aren’t investing in fluffy promises- you’re stepping into a behind-the-scenes look at real-world results. Big difference. Short-cut the path to growth by making your marketing work with less time, less stress, and better results. These are big promises, but when you do marketing right, you become the hero every company needs  in today’s hyper-competitive world. Forget the noise + constant search for actionable content that helps you solve real marketing challenges. The Academy is your one stop shop for premium content, resources, and courses. Get started with Academy FREE right now

Elements of Negotiation and Bargaining Skills Coursework

Elements of Negotiation and Bargaining Skills - Coursework Example Communication is crucial to the success of most activities. Communications individuals gather information about the other members of the negotiation. Interest involves what the negotiators want from the interaction. The option of a negotiation in a deal involves looking for the best alternative to putting into action. Legitimacy is vital in interaction between who are bargaining for a commodity or a service (Carrell & Heavrin, 2008). The parties to a negotiation should be committed to the communication because both of them stand to gain from the success of the negotiation. The skills required to conduct a successful negotiation are crucial to most corporations. Effective negotiators need to have the problem-solving skills to determine the intention of the parties in a deal. In relation to, top negotiators need to have good communication skills to understand the details of the negotiations. Effective negotiators have interpersonal skills that they use to maintain a good working relationship with the parties to a negotiation (Carrell & Heavrin, 2008). Collaboration and teamwork are a skill significant to negotiators to unite the associates of a contract. Lastly, decision-making is a primary skill because it helps negotiators act decisively. Rational choice theory is the situation that individuals behave the way they do because the decision to do the actions has more benefits than costs. It relates to the negotiation process in the sense that individual use their rational mind to make decisions (Carrell & Heavrin,

CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

CASE STUDY - Essay Example The business’ vision to be the most consumer-centric business in its industry reflects how Amazon continues to develop strategies, both corporate-level and business-level, to ensure that it fulfils these promises for focus on providing value to its many diverse markets. One method of promoting this value and convenience is the recent program entitled Frustration-Free Packaging, which was designed to ensure consumers could easily remove their products from Amazon’s packaging. Cloud computing, additionally, provides its developer customers with low-cost IT services and the ability to outsource many business functions for further cost-savings. The continual development of new services, such as the MP3 Music Store, IMDb.com allowing for television program viewing, and launch of the Office Supplies Store in 2008, illustrates the constant evolution of the business model that caters to a wide variety of target markets with varying needs. Innovation, as compared to competition, is what makes this business model difficult to replicate by rivals and secures the promises of being consumer-centric that makes up the foundation of corporate strategy. Amazon’s CEO, Jeff Bezos, is a firm believer in corporate frugality. In the company’s headquarters, this thrift is evident with employee desks that have been recycled from doors, at an estimated cost of $130 USD and monitors that rest on telephone books to avoid the high costs of stands (University of Graz 2013). Amazon maintains very powerful competitive advantage as it relates to human capital, having established a firm set of values and a shared vision that allows for decentralised business function for better teamwork and interpersonal relationship development. In order to develop the appropriate service culture necessary for Amazon to achieve its mission of consumer-centrism, the organisation must have leadership that